Month: September 2024

Abstract

Previous archaeological investigations at Mission La Purísima Concepción unearthed a concentration of glass and ceramic vessels under a floor within a room in adobe barracks where Chumash families resided. Early interpretations suggested a person of European ancestry lived there; however, we argue they were Indigenous to California. We propose that the individuals who lived in the room had achieved a different axis of social distinction, holding prominent positions within the mission’s social hierarchy. Drawing on ethnohistoric accounts, the occupants were either the family of a Native alcalde (governor) or another influential couple who figured prominently in mission records listed as a padrino (godfather), madrina (godmother), testigo (witness), intérprete (interpreter), or enfermero (nurse). Moreover, we demonstrate that the glass and ceramic vessels represent a unique caching event during the Mexican period when Native officials lacked the means to reform the missions or have a stake in their survival. These data are crucial to understanding the enormous diversity that formed the fabric of Indigenous communities in California missions and Indigenous autonomy over successive waves of colonialism. Such re-examination of museum collections is essential in a field with a growing curation crisis.

Abstract

Clinical reasoning is a complex process whereby psychologists review a large amount of data to generate diagnostic conclusions. Limited research has studied clinical reasoning specific to psychoeducational assessment. In this study, we used a think-aloud protocol to examine trainees’ and licensed practitioners’ clinical reasoning as they completed an unfolding case. Data were collected on efficiency (time spent on case, amount and order of diagnostic information requested), accuracy, and confidence, with the expectation that these areas would be more developed in experienced practitioners. Analyses found no effect of experience on clinical reasoning efficiency. However, trainees were less confident and accurate in their diagnostic conclusions and more likely to be influenced by contextual information that was less core to the diagnosis. These findings suggest that previous exposure to specific disorders is beneficial to clinical reasoning development and suggests a need for systemic training related to a broad range of disorders in graduate programs.

Abstract

Reverend Thomas Bridges’ Yagan-English dictionary (1879) has hitherto been little explored outside of linguistics but is highly valuable as a complementary source to archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic records in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). The dictionary contains 22,800 entries and yields rich information concerning the marine lifeways of the Yagan and their and intimate knowledge about Fuegian seascapes. The idea behind this paper is that environments have strong bearings on linguistic vocabularies. Treating words as archaeological objects that map onto landscapes, we identify important landforms for Yagan marine foragers and Norwegian fisher-farmers in a comparative study of word frequencies in Bridges’ dictionary and Ivar Aasen’s Norwegian dictionary (1850). Moreover, we explore in detail how marine lifestyles and Fuegian seascapes emerge in Bridges’ dictionary and discuss the dictionary’s relevance for historical archaeology in Tierra del Fuego.

Abstract

The Justice, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging (JEDIB) committee formed in 2022 in order to support diversity and inclusion in the Health Humanities Consortium and to advance best practices for equity and inclusion in the field of medical and health humanities. This Forum Essay describes our first year of work, including participant-led commitment statement crafting and strategic planning. Health humanities-specific JEDIB work is described in detail in essays about disability justice; gender, sex, sexuality, and reproductive justice; and Indigeneity from a decolonial standpoint. The authors offer transferable techniques for other organizations and institutions with particular attention to heath care and health professions education. Another essay analyzes US institutional and demographic data to show that as an academic program, health humanities gives robust indicators of contributing significantly to student diversity and inclusive success in higher education and medical education. The Forum closes with a reflection on joining the work of equity and inclusion and what new priorities and awareness can emerge to inform health equity scholarship and epistemic justice.

Abstract

Despite strong interest in tourism during the pandemic, frameworks of disaster management have not been rigorously provided for the international tourism field. The present research aimed to study how to improve disaster management in international tourism toward mitigating human suffering and economic damages. Qualitative content analysis was used as the key methodology in investigating passive and active disaster management. These two approaches were compared considering tourists, tourism industry, regional governments, and international organizations as variables. The main finding has been that stakeholders must shift from passive to active disaster management, while strategically addressing networking, the disaster management cycle, and local education, among other factors. This study provided a systematic framework of disaster management by studying not only the supply but also the demand side in international tourism.

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The Amazon region has a high biodiversity of flora, with an elevated variety of fruits, such as Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dúbia), Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum and Astrocaryum vulgare), Fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa L.), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), Graviola (Annona muricata L.), Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis), and Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), among many others, that are rich in phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins with prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.

Recent Findings

Studies evaluating the chemical composition of these fruits have observed a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Such components are associated with significant biological effects in treating various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and related complications.

Summary

Regular intake of these fruits from Amazonas emerges as a potential therapeutic approach to preventing and treating NCDs as a nutritional strategy to reduce the incidence or mitigate common complications in these patients, which are the leading global causes of death. As studies remain largely unexplored, this narrative review discusses the possible health-beneficial effects for patients with NCDs.