Introduction

Romania has 49 universities; research is funded by the National University Research Council; Ministry of Education; Executive Unit for Funding Academic Research and Structural Consulting Group for Human Resource Development.

There are institutional repositories (not OA) at Central University Library "Carol I", Central University Library in Bucharest, Academic Public Administration Studies Archive (APAS) Archive and Transylvania University of Brasov (ASPEKT).

As of March 2021 , DOAJ indexes 349 OA journals from Romania. There is one only  OA policy registered in ROARMAP .

On the 15th of November 2018, the Romanian Government approved the 2018-2020 National Action Plan as part of the Open Government Partnership. Compared to its previous versions, the new Plan included a section dedicated to Open access to research results.

2014: A "National Strategy for Research, Development and Innovation" has established Open Access as the main framework for dissemination of scientific research in Romania. The new strategy document was approved in Bucharest on 21st of October 2014 and ratified by the Romanian Government on 28th October 2014. The new Strategy is aligned with the European policies - Innovation Union and takes traits of the new Horizon 2020 financing instrument. Solid implementation of the new Strategy through the attached National Plan (PNCDI 3) is thought to result in a wide dissemination of the Romanian research output as open access and lead to reaching the targets focused on scholarly communication. The Strategy comes as a seal for the commitments taken by the Romanian Government in its engagement with Open Government Partnership. The new Strategy together with the National Plan and the National Action Plan for Open Government Partnership opens up the field for a renewed scholarly communications valorisation practices creating good incentives for further Open Access developments in Romania.

Enabling Environment

Founding members of Kosson Library Community are the signatories of the Budapest Declaration.

Kosson is a member of OpenAIRE and Open access is promoted together with partners from Transilvania University, Brașov and Romanian Library Association. In September 2010 this partnership concluded with adoption of a Motion concerning Open Access adopted by the ABR National Conference.

EIFL is involved in public library development in Romania. In 2014 EIFL supported Arad County Library to address media and information literacy issues by introducing an innovative library service for youth .

Transylvania University of Brasov institutional repository has been established.

Kosson online community aims to advocate OA and to stimulate a debate around OA.

Romanian partner institutions and project leaders are involved in 273 FP7 consortia where 21 institutions are lead partners and 252 partners play an active role: 10 projects started in 2007, 47 projects started in 2008, 103 projects started in 2009 and 14 started in 2010. (Source: OpenAIRE ).

National and Institutional Level Policies/Mandates

Currently, Open Access and Open Science receive limited support through the Romanian National Strategy (SNCDI 2014-2020) and National Plan for RDI (PNCDI III – 2015-2020). The National Strategy mentions ensuring and supporting open access to research results as one of its priorities.

There are no national funding mandates but all FP7 researchers signing funding agreements after August 2008 are mandated to make their publications or final peer-reviewed manuscripts Open Access within a maximum of 6 months after publication date, and up to 12 months for research carried out in the areas "Science in Society" and "Socio-economic Sciences and the Humanities". This requirement is found in Clause 39 of the FP7 grant contracts .

Potential Barriers

Kosson Library Community have been advocates of OA since 2005 and this is still a developing area. Scraba (2010) also cites perceived financial, institutional and legal (copyright) barriers to open access.

Key Organizations

Kosson Library Community

Overview: is a virtual community of Romanian librarians, archivists, museum curators. Founding members of Kosson community are the signatories of Budapest Declaration concerning Open Access to research scientific output. Open Access Disc advocating OA information is made available in USB disk and CD for all those interested in scholarly communications and new publication models.

Communication address: e-mail: kosson(at)gmail.com

Events and Programs

• OPEN SCIENCE POLICY WORKSHOP IN ROMANIA, 10 Mar 2020, Bucharest, Romania

• OPENAIRE NATIONAL WORKSHOP IN ROMANIA, 22 Oct 2018, Bucharest, Romania

• PASTEUR4OA PROJECT MID-TERM MEETING, 13 May 2015, Brussels, Belgium

• OPENAIRE2020 KICK-OFF MEETING, 28 Jan 2015 - 29 Jan 2015, Athens, Greece

• It is intended to develop ASPEKT at Transylvania University of Brasov and a national open access site has been established with the aim of serving as a national project database for research.

• OpenAIRE plans to have an office base at Kosson community and new OA developments will be raised in Open Access Week 2011.

Publications

• Albu, C. N., and C. Predescu. 2013. “New Trends for Information Dissemination: Open Access and Digital Repository.” Revista Transilvania (2):23–27.

• Bîrsan, I., I. Nicolae, M. Stoianovici, and A. Repanovici. 2014. “Scholarly E-Communication under Open Access to Information: Comparative Study of Digital Platforms.” Pp. 291–99 in Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Government, ECEG. Vols. 2014-January.

• Buncic, P., M. Gheata, and Y. Schutz. 2015. “Open Access for ALICE Analysis Based on Virtualization Technology.” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 664.

• Cârlan, I., B. A. Mihai, C. Nistor, and A. Große-Stoltenberg. 2020. “Identifying Urban Vegetation Stress Factors Based on Open Access Remote Sensing Imagery and Field Observations.” Ecological Informatics 55. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.101032.

• Cornelia, A. M., D. Gabor, and A. Repanovici. 2014. “E-Legislation for Citizens - Open Access to Indexed Legal Information Available Online.” Pp. 300–309 in Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Government, ECEG. Vols. 2014-January.

• Cristea, L., A. Repanovici, and C. Gheorghe. 2010. “Statistical Methods Used in Measuring Impact of Copyright Ownership Author Behaviour Regarding Open Access.” Pp. 152–57 in International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Science and Engineering - Proceedings.

• Grumezescu, A. M. 2020. “Celebrating Ten Years of Platinum Open Access.” Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 10(1):4705. doi: 10.33263/BRIAC101.705705.

• Haungs, A., D. Kang, S. Schoo, D. Wochele, J. Wochele, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, B. Fuchs, D. Fuhrmann, A. Gherghel-Lascu, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, K. H. Kampert, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, and J. Zabierowski. 2018. “The KASCADE Cosmic-Ray Data Centre KCDC: Granting Open Access to Astroparticle Physics Research Data.” European Physical Journal C 78(9). doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6221-2.

• Mǎnescu, L. G., D. Ruşinaru, P. Dǎdulescu, and V. Anghelina. 2009. “Usage Based Allocation for Transmission Costs under Open Access.” in 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech: Innovative Ideas Toward the Electrical Grid of the Future.

• OpenAIRE, Awareness raising and how to reach researchers and their organisations. Workshop presentation.

• Pisoschi, A. M., and C. G. Pisoschi. 2016. “Is Open Access the Solution to Increase the Impact of Scientific Journals?” Scientometrics 109(2):1075–95. doi: 10.1007/s11192-016-2088-x.

• Repanovici, A., L. Rogozea, and L. Cristea. 2011. “Open Access and Information Literacy for PhD Students.” Pp. 147–50 in Proceedings of the WSEAS/IASME International Conference on Educational Technologies.

• Rosenthal, A., A. Gabrielian, E. Engle, D. E. Hurt, S. Alexandru, V. Crudu, E. Sergueev, V. Kirichenko, V. Lapitskii, E. Snezhko, V. Kovalev, A. Astrovko, A. Skrahina, J. Taaffe, M. Harris, A. Long, K. Wollenberg, I. Akhundova, S. Ismayilova, A. Skrahin, E. Mammadbayov, H. Gadirova, R. Abuzarov, M. Seyfaddinova, Z. Avaliani, I. Strambu, D. Zaharia, A. Muntean, E. Ghita, M. Bogdan, R. Mindru, V. Spinu, A. Sora, C. Ene, S. Vashakidze, N. Shubladze, U. Nanava, A. Tuzikov, and M. Tartakovsky. 2017. “The TB Portals: An Open-Access, Web-Based Platform for Global Drug-Resistant- Tuberculosis Data Sharing and Analysis.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55(11):3267–82. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01013-17.

• Scraba, C (2010) Open access at Romanian Universities: Benefits and Challenges Bulletin of the Transilvania, Vol. 3 (52): 285-292

• Simileanu, M., L. M. Angheluta, I. M. Cortea, and A. I. Chelmuş. 2014. “Open Access Platform for in Situ Campaigns. Case Study for Martyrs’ Monument from Moisei, Maramures, Romǎnia.” UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series A: Applied Mathematics and Physics 76(3):245–52.

• Toma, S. A., A. Stan, M. L. Pura, and T. Barsan. 2017. “MaRePhoR - An Open Access Machine-Readable Phonetic Dictionary for Romanian.” in 2017 9th International Conference on Speech Technology and Human-Computer Dialogue, SpeD 2017.

• Vertechy, R., M. Fontana, G. Stiubianu, and M. Cazacu. 2014. “Open-Access Dielectric Elastomer Material Database.” in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 9056.