Introduction

Open Access is a new initiative in Israel. There is 1 OA repository in the country. The first Israeli Scholar Works, was established in 2006 with the aim of collecting the scholarly output of Israeli studies and the second, Weizmann Institute of Science.

In June 2015 there were 17 OA journals published in Israel which were indexed by DOAJ, but as of now DOAJ lists no open access journal from Israel. Currently, no OA policies are registered in ROARMAP.

Enabling Environment

Israel has 63 academic institutions: 9 universities (8 research universities and the Open University), 37 academic colleges (of which 21 are public "budgeted" academic colleges and 16 private "non-budgeted" colleges), and 17 teacher-training colleges. In addition, research is also conducted in 34 research institutions. The educational and research infrastructure in Israel is strong but Open Access initiatives have not been developed.

Potential Barriers

Lack of national mandates; lack of Open Access strategy. Israel Open Access Scholar has an OA blog where prominent academics make the case against OA as “equating socialised science” and further arguments.

Key Organizations

MALMAD

Overview: MALMAD is the Inter-University Center for Digital Information Services was set up in 1998 by the Committee of University Heads. It aims to serve as a consortium for the acquisition, licensing and operation of information services to universities and colleges in Israel. MALMAD provides modern digital information services more efficiently and at a lower cost per-user by inter-university cooperation and pooling of resources.

Communication address: MALMAD, IUCC, 16 Klausner st., P.O.B. 39513. Tel Aviv, Israel 61394 ; e-mail: malmad(at)mail.iucc.ac.il 

Events and Programmes

• 12 April 2020, The Israel Science Foundation (ISF) big step towards Open Science
• 06 January 2020, On the way towards Open Science: first Israeli national workshop
• Open Science Principles, 2018-10-24, Israel, Organized by Katerina Zourou, member of iPEN project (Innovative Photonics Education in Nanotechnology), Type: presentation

Publications

• Bacci, E. D., D. Staniewska, K. S. Coyne, S. Boyer, L. A. White, N. Zach, and J. M. Cedarbaum. 2016. “Item Response Theory Analysis of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised in the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials Database.” Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 17(3–4):157–67. doi: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1095930.
• Behar, J. A., A. A. Rosenberg, I. Weiser-Bitoun, O. Shemla, A. Alexandrovich, E. Konyukhov, and Y. Yaniv. 2018. “PhysioZoo: A Novel Open Access Platform for Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Mammalian Electrocardiographic Data.” Frontiers in Physiology 9(OCT). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01390.
• Bell, A., and G. Parchomovsky. 2008. “The Evolution of Private and Open Access Property.” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 10(1). doi: 10.2202/1565-3404.1209.
• Bhattacharya, S., P. Dunn, C. G. Thomas, B. Smith, H. Schaefer, J. Chen, Z. Hu, K. A. Zalocusky, R. D. Shankar, S. S. Shen-Orr, E. Thomson, J. Wiser, and A. J. Butte. 2018. “ImmPort, toward Repurposing of Open Access Immunological Assay Data for Translational and Clinical Research.” Scientific Data 5. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2018.15.
• Carmont, M. R., S. D. Lawn, B. Stray-Pedersen, Y. Shoenfeld, and P. Meier. 2014. “BMC Medicine Editorial Board Members on Open Access Publishing.” BMC Medicine 12(1). doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-10.
• Cortegiani, A., G. Misseri, C. Gregoretti, S. Einav, and A. Giarratano. 2019. “The Challenge of the Predatory Open-Access Publishing Outbreak.” European Journal of Anaesthesiology 36(11):810–13. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001083.
• Destremau, B., R. Giacaman, M. Harb, L. Herrera, M. Mexi, S. Mitwalli, E. C. Murphy, Y. Rabaia, L. Welchman, and E. Zambelli. 2017. “The Dilemmas of the European Union’s Open Access to Data Policy.” The Lancet 390(10090):122–23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31458-7.
• Feitelson, E. 1997. “The Second Closing of the Frontier: An End to Open-Access Regimes.” Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie 88(1):15–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01580.x.
• Fireman, Z., V. Agrast, Y. Kopelman, A. Segal, and A. Sternberg. 2001. “Open Access Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy [3].” Digestive and Liver Disease 33(1):84.
• Gal, E., Z. Levi, I. Shemesh, N. Chorev, and Y. Niv. 2007. “Open Access Gastroscopy in Hospitalized Patients.” Israel Medical Association Journal 9(11):797–99.
• Jungnickel, V., M. C. Parker, J. F. Riera, C. Bock, V. Marques, D. Levi, D. Schulz, J. Hilt, K. Habel, L. F. Del Rosal, R. Freund, and S. D. Walker. 2016. “Software-Defined Open Access for Flexible and Service-Oriented 5G Deployment.” Pp. 360–66 in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC 2016.
• Kattge, J., G. Bönisch, S. Díaz, S. Lavorel, I. C. Prentice, P. Leadley, S. Tautenhahn, G. D. A. Werner, T. Aakala, M. Abedi, A. T. R. Acosta, G. C. Adamidis, K. Adamson, M. Aiba, C. H. Albert, J. M. Alcántara, C. Alcázar C, I. Aleixo, H. Ali, B. Amiaud, C. Ammer, M. M. Amoroso, M. Anand, C. Anderson, N. Anten, J. Antos, D. M. G. Apgaua, T. L. Ashman, D. H. Asmara, G. P. Asner, M. Aspinwall, O. Atkin, I. Aubin, L. Baastrup-Spohr, K. Bahalkeh, M. Bahn, T. Baker, W. J. Baker, J. P. Bakker, D. Baldocchi, J. Baltzer, A. Banerjee, A. Baranger, J. Barlow, D. R. Barneche, Z. Baruch, D. Bastianelli, J. Battles, W. Bauerle, M. Bauters, E. Bazzato, M. Beckmann, H. Beeckman, C. Beierkuhnlein, R. Bekker, G. Belfry, M. Belluau, M. Beloiu, R. Benavides, L. Benomar, M. L. Berdugo-Lattke, E. Berenguer, R. Bergamin, J. Bergmann, M. Bergmann Carlucci, L. Berner, M. Bernhardt-Römermann, C. Bigler, A. D. Bjorkman, C. Blackman, C. Blanco, B. Blonder, D. Blumenthal, K. T. Bocanegra-González, P. Boeckx, S. Bohlman, K. Böhning-Gaese, L. Boisvert-Marsh, W. Bond, B. Bond-Lamberty, A. Boom, C. C. F. Boonman, K. Bordin, E. H. Boughton, V. Boukili, D. M. J. S. Bowman, S. Bravo, M. R. Brendel, M. R. Broadley, K. A. Brown, H. Bruelheide, F. Brumnich, H. H. Bruun, D. Bruy, S. W. Buchanan, S. F. Bucher, N. Buchmann, R. Buitenwerf, D. E. Bunker, J. Bürger, S. Burrascano, D. F. R. P. Burslem, B. J. Butterfield, C. Byun, M. Marques, M. C. Scalon, M. Caccianiga, M. Cadotte, M. Cailleret, J. Camac, J. J. Camarero, C. Campany, G. Campetella, J. A. Campos, L. Cano-Arboleda, R. Canullo, M. Carbognani, F. Carvalho, F. Casanoves, B. Castagneyrol, J. A. Catford, J. Cavender-Bares, B. E. L. Cerabolini, M. Cervellini, E. Chacón-Madrigal, K. Chapin, F. S. Chapin, S. Chelli, S. C. Chen, A. Chen, P. Cherubini, F. Chianucci, B. Choat, K. S. Chung, M. Chytrý, D. Ciccarelli, L. Coll, C. G. Collins, L. Conti, D. Coomes, J. H. C. Cornelissen, W. K. Cornwell, P. Corona, M. Coyea, J. Craine, D. Craven, J. P. G. M. Cromsigt, A. Csecserits, K. Cufar, M. Cuntz, A. C. da Silva, K. M. Dahlin, M. Dainese, I. Dalke, M. Dalle Fratte, A. T. Dang-Le, J. Danihelka, M. Dannoura, S. Dawson, A. J. de Beer, A. De Frutos, J. R. De Long, B. Dechant, S. Delagrange, N. Delpierre, G. Derroire, A. S. Dias, M. H. Diaz-Toribio, P. G. Dimitrakopoulos, M. Dobrowolski, D. Doktor, P. Dřevojan, N. Dong, J. Dransfield, S. Dressler, L. Duarte, E. Ducouret, S. Dullinger, W. Durka, R. Duursma, O. Dymova, A. E-Vojtkó, R. L. Eckstein, H. Ejtehadi, J. Elser, T. Emilio, K. Engemann, M. B. Erfanian, A. Erfmeier, A. Esquivel-Muelbert, G. Esser, M. Estiarte, T. F. Domingues, W. F. Fagan, J. Fagúndez, D. S. Falster, Y. Fan, J. Fang, E. Farris, F. Fazlioglu, Y. Feng, F. Fernandez-Mendez, C. Ferrara, J. Ferreira, A. Fidelis, B. Finegan, J. Firn, T. J. Flowers, D. F. B. Flynn, V. Fontana, E. Forey, C. Forgiarini, L. François, M. Frangipani, D. Frank, C. Frenette-Dussault, G. T. Freschet, E. L. Fry, N. M. Fyllas, G. G. Mazzochini, S. Gachet, R. Gallagher, G. Ganade, F. Ganga, P. García-Palacios, V. Gargaglione, E. Garnier, J. L. Garrido, A. L. de Gasper, G. Gea-Izquierdo, D. Gibson, A. N. Gillison, A. Giroldo, M. C. Glasenhardt, S. Gleason, M. Gliesch, E. Goldberg, B. Göldel, E. Gonzalez-Akre, J. L. Gonzalez-Andujar, A. González-Melo, A. González-Robles, B. J. Graae, E. Granda, S. Graves, W. A. Green, T. Gregor, N. Gross, G. R. Guerin, A. Günther, A. G. Gutiérrez, L. Haddock, A. Haines, J. Hall, A. Hambuckers, W. Han, S. P. Harrison, W. Hattingh, J. E. Hawes, T. He, P. He, J. M. Heberling, A. Helm, S. Hempel, J. Hentschel, B. Hérault, A. M. Hereş, K. Herz, M. Heuertz, T. Hickler, P. Hietz, P. Higuchi, A. L. Hipp, A. Hirons, M. Hock, J. A. Hogan, K. Holl, O. Honnay, D. Hornstein, E. Hou, N. Hough-Snee, K. A. Hovstad, T. Ichie, B. Igić, E. Illa, M. Isaac, M. Ishihara, L. Ivanov, L. Ivanova, C. M. Iversen, J. Izquierdo, R. B. Jackson, B. Jackson, H. Jactel, A. M. Jagodzinski, U. Jandt, S. Jansen, T. Jenkins, A. Jentsch, J. R. P. Jespersen, G. F. Jiang, J. L. Johansen, D. Johnson, E. J. Jokela, C. A. Joly, G. J. Jordan, G. S. Joseph, D. Junaedi, R. R. Junker, E. Justes, R. Kabzems, J. Kane, Z. Kaplan, T. Kattenborn, L. Kavelenova, E. Kearsley, A. Kempel, T. Kenzo, A. Kerkhoff, M. I. Khalil, N. L. Kinlock, W. D. Kissling, K. Kitajima, T. Kitzberger, R. Kjøller, T. Klein, M. Kleyer, J. Klimešová, J. Klipel, B. Kloeppel, S. Klotz, J. M. H. Knops, T. Kohyama, F. Koike, J. Kollmann, B. Komac, K. Komatsu, C. König, N. J. B. Kraft, K. Kramer, H. Kreft, I. Kühn, D. Kumarathunge, J. Kuppler, H. Kurokawa, Y. Kurosawa, S. Kuyah, J. P. Laclau, B. Lafleur, E. Lallai, E. Lamb, A. Lamprecht, D. J. Larkin, D. Laughlin, Y. Le Bagousse-Pinguet, G. le Maire, P. C. le Roux, E. le Roux, T. Lee, F. Lens, S. L. Lewis, B. Lhotsky, Y. Li, X. Li, J. W. Lichstein, M. Liebergesell, J. Y. Lim, Y. S. Lin, J. C. Linares, C. Liu, D. Liu, U. Liu, S. Livingstone, J. Llusià, M. Lohbeck, Á. López-García, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, Z. Lososová, F. Louault, B. A. Lukács, P. Lukeš, Y. Luo, M. Lussu, S. Ma, C. Maciel Rabelo Pereira, M. Mack, V. Maire, A. Mäkelä, H. Mäkinen, A. C. M. Malhado, A. Mallik, P. Manning, S. Manzoni, Z. Marchetti, L. Marchino, V. Marcilio-Silva, E. Marcon, M. Marignani, L. Markesteijn, A. Martin, C. Martínez-Garza, J. Martínez-Vilalta, T. Mašková, K. Mason, N. Mason, T. J. Massad, J. Masse, I. Mayrose, J. McCarthy, M. L. McCormack, K. McCulloh, I. R. McFadden, B. J. McGill, M. Y. McPartland, J. S. Medeiros, B. Medlyn, P. Meerts, Z. Mehrabi, P. Meir, F. P. L. Melo, M. Mencuccini, C. Meredieu, J. Messier, I. Mészáros, J. Metsaranta, S. T. Michaletz, C. Michelaki, S. Migalina, R. Milla, J. E. D. Miller, V. Minden, R. Ming, K. Mokany, A. T. Moles, A. Molnár, J. Molofsky, M. Molz, R. A. Montgomery, A. Monty, L. Moravcová, A. Moreno-Martínez, M. Moretti, A. S. Mori, S. Mori, D. Morris, J. Morrison, L. Mucina, S. Mueller, C. D. Muir, S. C. Müller, F. Munoz, I. H. Myers-Smith, R. W. Myster, M. Nagano, S. Naidu, A. Narayanan, B. Natesan, L. Negoita, A. S. Nelson, E. L. Neuschulz, J. Ni, G. Niedrist, J. Nieto, Ü. Niinemets, R. Nolan, H. Nottebrock, Y. Nouvellon, A. Novakovskiy, K. O. Nystuen, A. O’Grady, K. O’Hara, A. O’Reilly-Nugent, S. Oakley, W. Oberhuber, T. Ohtsuka, R. Oliveira, K. Öllerer, M. E. Olson, V. Onipchenko, Y. Onoda, R. E. Onstein, J. C. Ordonez, N. Osada, I. Ostonen, G. Ottaviani, S. Otto, G. E. Overbeck, W. A. Ozinga, A. T. Pahl, C. E. T. Paine, R. J. Pakeman, A. C. Papageorgiou, E. Parfionova, M. Pärtel, M. Patacca, S. Paula, J. Paule, H. Pauli, J. G. Pausas, B. Peco, J. Penuelas, A. Perea, P. L. Peri, A. C. Petisco-Souza, A. Petraglia, A. M. Petritan, O. L. Phillips, S. Pierce, V. D. Pillar, J. Pisek, A. Pomogaybin, H. Poorter, A. Portsmuth, P. Poschlod, C. Potvin, D. Pounds, A. S. Powell, S. A. Power, A. Prinzing, G. Puglielli, P. Pyšek, V. Raevel, A. Rammig, J. Ransijn, C. A. Ray, P. B. Reich, M. Reichstein, D. E. B. Reid, M. Réjou-Méchain, V. R. de Dios, S. Ribeiro, S. Richardson, K. Riibak, M. C. Rillig, F. Riviera, E. M. R. Robert, S. Roberts, B. Robroek, A. Roddy, A. V. Rodrigues, A. Rogers, E. Rollinson, V. Rolo, C. Römermann, D. Ronzhina, C. Roscher, J. A. Rosell, M. F. Rosenfield, C. Rossi, D. B. Roy, S. Royer-Tardif, N. Rüger, R. Ruiz-Peinado, S. B. Rumpf, G. M. Rusch, M. Ryo, L. Sack, A. Saldaña, B. Salgado-Negret, R. Salguero-Gomez, I. Santa-Regina, A. C. Santacruz-García, J. Santos, J. Sardans, B. Schamp, M. Scherer-Lorenzen, M. Schleuning, B. Schmid, M. Schmidt, S. Schmitt, J. V. Schneider, S. D. Schowanek, J. Schrader, F. Schrodt, B. Schuldt, F. Schurr, G. Selaya Garvizu, M. Semchenko, C. Seymour, J. C. Sfair, J. M. Sharpe, C. S. Sheppard, S. Sheremetiev, S. Shiodera, B. Shipley, T. A. Shovon, A. Siebenkäs, C. Sierra, V. Silva, M. Silva, T. Sitzia, H. Sjöman, M. Slot, N. G. Smith, D. Sodhi, P. Soltis, D. Soltis, B. Somers, G. Sonnier, M. V. Sørensen, E. E. Sosinski, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, A. F. Souza, M. Spasojevic, M. G. Sperandii, A. B. Stan, J. Stegen, K. Steinbauer, J. G. Stephan, F. Sterck, D. B. Stojanovic, T. Strydom, M. L. Suarez, J. C. Svenning, I. Svitková, M. Svitok, M. Svoboda, E. Swaine, N. Swenson, M. Tabarelli, K. Takagi, U. Tappeiner, R. Tarifa, S. Tauugourdeau, C. Tavsanoglu, M. te Beest, L. Tedersoo, N. Thiffault, D. Thom, E. Thomas, K. Thompson, P. E. Thornton, W. Thuiller, L. Tichý, D. Tissue, M. G. Tjoelker, D. Y. P. Tng, J. Tobias, P. Török, T. Tarin, J. M. Torres-Ruiz, B. Tóthmérész, M. Treurnicht, V. Trivellone, F. Trolliet, V. Trotsiuk, J. L. Tsakalos, I. Tsiripidis, N. Tysklind, T. Umehara, V. Usoltsev, M. Vadeboncoeur, J. Vaezi, F. Valladares, J. Vamosi, P. M. van Bodegom, M. van Breugel, E. Van Cleemput, M. van de Weg, S. van der Merwe, F. van der Plas, M. T. van der Sande, M. van Kleunen, K. Van Meerbeek, M. Vanderwel, K. A. Vanselow, A. Vårhammar, L. Varone, M. Y. Vasquez Valderrama, K. Vassilev, M. Vellend, E. J. Veneklaas, H. Verbeeck, K. Verheyen, A. Vibrans, I. Vieira, J. Villacís, C. Violle, P. Vivek, K. Wagner, M. Waldram, A. Waldron, A. P. Walker, M. Waller, G. Walther, H. Wang, F. Wang, W. Wang, H. Watkins, J. Watkins, U. Weber, J. T. Weedon, L. Wei, P. Weigelt, E. Weiher, A. W. Wells, C. Wellstein, E. Wenk, M. Westoby, A. Westwood, P. J. White, M. Whitten, M. Williams, D. E. Winkler, K. Winter, C. Womack, I. J. Wright, S. J. Wright, J. Wright, B. X. Pinho, F. Ximenes, T. Yamada, K. Yamaji, R. Yanai, N. Yankov, B. Yguel, K. J. Zanini, A. E. Zanne, D. Zelený, Y. P. Zhao, J. Zheng, J. Zheng, K. Ziemińska, C. R. Zirbel, G. Zizka, I. C. Zo-Bi, G. Zotz, and C. Wirth. 2020. “TRY Plant Trait Database – Enhanced Coverage and Open Access.” Global Change Biology 26(1):119–88. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14904.
• Keren, D., T. Rainis, E. Stermer, and A. Lavy. 2011. “A Nine-Year Audit of Open-Access Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures: Results and Experience of a Single Centre.” Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 25(2):83–88. doi: 10.1155/2011/379014.
• Manca, A., G. Martinez, L. Cugusi, D. Dragone, Z. Dvir, and F. Deriu. 2017. “The Surge of Predatory Open-Access in Neurosciences and Neurology.” Neuroscience 353:166–73. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.014.
• Meyer, D., J. A. Abbott, I. Rehm, S. Bhar, A. Barak, G. Deng, K. Wallace, E. Ogden, and B. Klein. 2017. “Development of a Suicidal Ideation Detection Tool for Primary Healthcare Settings: Using Open Access Online Psychosocial Data.” Telemedicine and E-Health 23(4):273–81. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0110.
• Mimouni, M., E. Braun, F. B. Mimouni, D. Mimouni, and E. Z. Blumenthal. 2017. “Beall’s List Removed: What Stands Between Us and Open Access Predators?” American Journal of Medicine 130(8):e371–72. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.040.
• Netz, Y., and W. Zijlstra. 2015. “EURAPA Moves to Open Access: Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Activity in Old Age.” European Review of Aging and Physical Activity 12(1). doi: 10.1186/s11556-015-0149-4.
• Niv, Y., and V. Asaf. 1992. “Open-Access, Flexible, Fiberoptic Sigmoidoscopy in a Regional Primary-Care Clinic.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 15(3):218–21. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199210000-00008.
• Oren, R., O. Shulman-Manor, R. Stalnikowicz, Z. Ackermand, and R. Eliakim. 1997. “Open-Access Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Is It Indicated and Efficient?” Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 33(12):771–76.
• Rainis, T., D. Keren, O. Goldstein, E. Stermer, and A. Lavy. 2007. “Diagnostic Yield and Safety of Colonoscopy in Israeli Patients in an Open Access Referral System.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 41(4):394–99. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225573.27643.3d.
• Sperber, A. D., A. Fich, L. Eidelman, P. Krugliak, H. S. Odes, N. Hilzenrat, N. Gaspar, and A. Zilberman. 1997. “Open Access Endoscopy for Hospitalized Patients.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 92(10):1823–26.
• Stermer, E., A. Tamir, O. Goldstein, D. Keren, T. Rainis, E. Paster, and A. Lavy. 2006. “Open Access Colonoscopy: Do Primary Care Physicians Use It Properly?” Harefuah 145(11):803-806+863+862.
• Suber, P (2006) An OA repository for Israel Open Access News  .