Introduction

As of 2021, Colombia has registered 95 OA digital repositories in OpenDOAR, mainly university initiatives with diversity of contents: thesis, journal articles, conference papers, teaching materials and other publications.

As per March 2021 data, Colombia has 6 OA mandates registered in ROARMAP, for scientific and academic output. 

A recent study (Open Access Indicators and Scholarly Communications in Latin America) shows that, as of 2014, 9.87% of OA journals indexed in Latindex; 22.06% of OA journals indexed in RedALyC and 16.72% of OA journals indexed in SciELO are published in Colombia. This corresponds to a total of 534, 154 and 150 locally published OA journals, respectively.

The government of Colombia, together with Norway and the United States, have given support for UNESCO to build the Global Open Access Portal (GOAP), a tool for users seeking information on open access.

Enabling Environment:

Together with other countries of the region, Colombia participates in open access subject repositories, today with a growing number of records with full-texts, examples: health (BVS), agriculture (SIDALC), science (PERIÓDICA), education (Relpe), public management and policies (CLAD-SIARE), social sciences (CLACSO, FLACSO, CLASE), marine science (OceanDocs), work (LABORDOC), information science (E-Lis), among others. And six university libraries from Colombia participate with full-texts in the Andean Digital Library (Biblioteca Digital Andina).

Colombia has launched a regional Conference on Digital Libraries and Repositories (Conferencia Bibliotecas y Repositorios Digitales-BIREDIAL2011), which in its first year took place at the University of Rosario in Bogotá, May 2011, sponsored by RENATA, BDCOL, CoLaBoRa with support from COAR and RedCLARA. Panelists and participants represented several countries and initiatives. BIREDIAL will change country location every year to keep its regional mission.

Key Organizations:

The National Academic Network of Advanced Technology (Red Nacional Académica de Tecnología Avanzada-RENATA) -with support from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies (Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones), the Ministry of Education (Ministerio de Educación Nacional) and COLCIENCIAS- is actively promoting open access in Colombia and in the region, and organizing training activities for institutional repositories, and a prize for institutional repositories. RENATA is also the national focal point of RedCLARA in Colombia, and, together with COLCIENCIAS and the Ministry of Education, they are the national representatives of Colombia in the Latin America Network of Institutional Repositories National Systems (Red Federada Latinoamericana de Repositorios Institucionales de Documentación Científica). Colombia has also members in CoLaBoRa, the Latin America Community of Digital Libraries and Repositories. In both those regional open access coordination activities, institutions from Colombia have been the main promoters and coordinators, with leadership from RENATA and from the University of Rosario.

With support from RENATA, the Digital Library of Colombia (Biblioteca Digital Colombiana-BDCOL) is working for national policies, standards and interoperability among digital repositories of Colombia. Together with the members of Colombia in CoLaBoRa, a regional open access community supported by RedCLARA, BDCOL is working to build a national strategy for open and integrated access to scientific output from Colombia (Red Consolidada de Repositorios Científicos, Académicos y Culturales de Acceso Abierto Colombiano).

COLCIENCIAS promotes quality and open access to journals from Colombia. It runs the National System for Indexing Science, Technology and Innovation journals Publindex, a program that indexes and homologates journals, and coordinates training activities. COLCIENCIAS is the national focal point of Latindex. From 2013 to June 2015, the number of OA journals from Colombia which are indexed in DOAJ has grown from 138 to 263.  This is an approximate 50% increase. The number of journals registered in DOAJ as of March 2021 are 405 and  it was reported that around 387 journals use OJS, and the National University has its own open access journal portal in OJS (Portal de Revistas UN).

University libraries from Colombia also participate with full-texts in the Biblioteca Digital Andina, and in Cybertesis.

NECOBELAC-Network of Collaboration Between Europe and Latin America-Caribbean Countries has organized together with the Institute of Public Health of the National University of Colombia (Instituto de Salud Pública de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia) several training activities on scientific publications and open access repositories, in August, September and in October 2010.

The Karisma Foundation from Colombia is active in open access training and promotion and supports Creative Commons Colombia that promotes and provides training in the use of open access licenses. Together with the Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, they organized the Open Access Week in Cali, in 2010. And together with the ngo Derechos Digitales from Chile, and support from FRIDA, they research and publish a manual and training on open access policies for journals from Latin America.

Events and Programmes

• 9-13 November, 2015: "International Colloquium on Open Access and Knowledge Democratization (in Spanish)"; At CLACSO´s Latin America and the Caribbean Social Science Conference to be held in Medellín, Colombia.
• Cátedra: "Ciencia abierta, ciencia ciudadana y bibliotecas". Biblioteca Pública Piloto - EIB UdeA. (Medellín-Colombia), October 17, 2017 from 6:30pm to 8:30pm – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Alejandro Uribe Tirado, Type: cátedra, Alejandro Uribe Tirado
• Desarrollo colaborativo de una Biblioteca Digital para Bogotá, October 25, 2017 from 10am to 11am – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Red Universitaria Metropolitana de Bogotá Rumbo, Type: conferencia, virtual, conferencia
• Recursos de información en acceso abierto como complemento al portafolio de servicios de la biblioteca universitaria, October 25, 2017 from 11am to 12pm – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Red Universitaria Metropolitana de Bogotá Rumbo, Type: conferencia, virtual, conferencia
• Abierto para las oportunidades en asociaciones académicas, October 25, 2017 from 8:30am to 9am – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Red Universitaria Metropolitana de Bogotá Rumbo, Type: conferencia, virtual, conferencia
• Abierto para el fortalecimiento de la visibilidad académica de la Universidad del Rosario, October 25, 2017 from 9am to 10am – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Red Universitaria Metropolitana de Bogotá Rumbo, Type: conferencia, virtual, conferencia
• Conversatorio: "La ciencia abierta, una integración del acceso abierto, los datos abiertos y otros componentes open"., October 27, 2017 from 8am to 10am – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Alejandro Uribe Tirado, Type: conversatorio, Alejandro Uribe Tirado
• Compartir en Internet, la otra mirada del derecho de autor, October 28, 2017 from 10am to 12pm – Colombia, Colombia, Organized by Fundación Karisma y Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Type: conferencia, conferencia

Publications

• 4 August 2014: "Front Lines of the Open Access Fight: Colombian Student's Prosecution Highlights the Need for Fundamental Policy Reforms" by Maira Sutton published on Deeplinks Blog, www.eff.org.
• 2014: "Open Access Indicators and Scholarly Communications in Latin America" is the result of a joint research and development project supported by UNESCO and undertaken by UNESCO in partnership with the Public Knowledge Project (PKP); the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); the Network of Scientific Journals of Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (RedALyC); Africa Journals Online (AJOL); the Latin America Social Sciences School- Brazil (FLACSO- Brazil); and the Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO). 
• Caballero-Uribe, C. V., and L. M. Alonso. 2008. “The Importance of the Open Access Movement in Today’s Medicine [La Importancia Del Movimiento Por El Acceso Abierto (Open Access) En La Medicina de Hoy].” Salud Uninorte 24(1):I–II.
• Cardona-Maya, W. 2009. “Open Access: Science and Undeveloped Countries, a Reality of Discrimination.” New Zealand Medical Journal 122(1306):128–29.
• Castaño, F., A. F. Gutierrez, N. Velasco, and C. Amaya. 2019. “Using Open Access Data to Model a Technician Routing and Scheduling Problem in a Congested Urban Setting.” Pp. 1129–38 in Procedia Manufacturing. Vol. 39.
• Castro, P., P. Gómez, and M. C. Cañadas. 2019. “Open Access Documentary Production of the Spanish-Speaking Community in Mathematics Education for Middle School Education [Producción Documental de Acceso Abierto de La Comunidad de Habla Hispana En Educación Matemática Para La Educación Media].” Bolema - Mathematics Education Bulletin 33(64):707–27. doi: 10.1590/1980-4415v33n64a13.
• Herrera, J. A. 2010. “Electronic Journal with Open Access: A Technological Leap [Revista Electrónica Con Sistema Abierto: Un Salto Tecnológico].” Colombia Medica 41(1):8–9.
• Kattge, J., G. Bönisch, S. Díaz, S. Lavorel, I. C. Prentice, P. Leadley, S. Tautenhahn, G. D. A. Werner, T. Aakala, M. Abedi, A. T. R. Acosta, G. C. Adamidis, K. Adamson, M. Aiba, C. H. Albert, J. M. Alcántara, C. Alcázar C, I. Aleixo, H. Ali, B. Amiaud, C. Ammer, M. M. Amoroso, M. Anand, C. Anderson, N. Anten, J. Antos, D. M. G. Apgaua, T. L. Ashman, D. H. Asmara, G. P. Asner, M. Aspinwall, O. Atkin, I. Aubin, L. Baastrup-Spohr, K. Bahalkeh, M. Bahn, T. Baker, W. J. Baker, J. P. Bakker, D. Baldocchi, J. Baltzer, A. Banerjee, A. Baranger, J. Barlow, D. R. Barneche, Z. Baruch, D. Bastianelli, J. Battles, W. Bauerle, M. Bauters, E. Bazzato, M. Beckmann, H. Beeckman, C. Beierkuhnlein, R. Bekker, G. Belfry, M. Belluau, M. Beloiu, R. Benavides, L. Benomar, M. L. Berdugo-Lattke, E. Berenguer, R. Bergamin, J. Bergmann, M. Bergmann Carlucci, L. Berner, M. Bernhardt-Römermann, C. Bigler, A. D. Bjorkman, C. Blackman, C. Blanco, B. Blonder, D. Blumenthal, K. T. Bocanegra-González, P. Boeckx, S. Bohlman, K. Böhning-Gaese, L. Boisvert-Marsh, W. Bond, B. Bond-Lamberty, A. Boom, C. C. F. Boonman, K. Bordin, E. H. Boughton, V. Boukili, D. M. J. S. Bowman, S. Bravo, M. R. Brendel, M. R. Broadley, K. A. Brown, H. Bruelheide, F. Brumnich, H. H. Bruun, D. Bruy, S. W. Buchanan, S. F. Bucher, N. Buchmann, R. Buitenwerf, D. E. Bunker, J. Bürger, S. Burrascano, D. F. R. P. Burslem, B. J. Butterfield, C. Byun, M. Marques, M. C. Scalon, M. Caccianiga, M. Cadotte, M. Cailleret, J. Camac, J. J. Camarero, C. Campany, G. Campetella, J. A. Campos, L. Cano-Arboleda, R. Canullo, M. Carbognani, F. Carvalho, F. Casanoves, B. Castagneyrol, J. A. Catford, J. Cavender-Bares, B. E. L. Cerabolini, M. Cervellini, E. Chacón-Madrigal, K. Chapin, F. S. Chapin, S. Chelli, S. C. Chen, A. Chen, P. Cherubini, F. Chianucci, B. Choat, K. S. Chung, M. Chytrý, D. Ciccarelli, L. Coll, C. G. Collins, L. Conti, D. Coomes, J. H. C. Cornelissen, W. K. Cornwell, P. Corona, M. Coyea, J. Craine, D. Craven, J. P. 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Jenkins, A. Jentsch, J. R. P. Jespersen, G. F. Jiang, J. L. Johansen, D. Johnson, E. J. Jokela, C. A. Joly, G. J. Jordan, G. S. Joseph, D. Junaedi, R. R. Junker, E. Justes, R. Kabzems, J. Kane, Z. Kaplan, T. Kattenborn, L. Kavelenova, E. Kearsley, A. Kempel, T. Kenzo, A. Kerkhoff, M. I. Khalil, N. L. Kinlock, W. D. Kissling, K. Kitajima, T. Kitzberger, R. Kjøller, T. Klein, M. Kleyer, J. Klimešová, J. Klipel, B. Kloeppel, S. Klotz, J. M. H. Knops, T. Kohyama, F. Koike, J. Kollmann, B. Komac, K. Komatsu, C. König, N. J. B. Kraft, K. Kramer, H. Kreft, I. Kühn, D. Kumarathunge, J. Kuppler, H. Kurokawa, Y. Kurosawa, S. Kuyah, J. P. Laclau, B. Lafleur, E. Lallai, E. Lamb, A. Lamprecht, D. J. Larkin, D. Laughlin, Y. Le Bagousse-Pinguet, G. le Maire, P. C. le Roux, E. le Roux, T. Lee, F. Lens, S. L. Lewis, B. Lhotsky, Y. Li, X. Li, J. W. Lichstein, M. Liebergesell, J. Y. Lim, Y. S. Lin, J. C. Linares, C. Liu, D. Liu, U. Liu, S. Livingstone, J. Llusià, M. Lohbeck, Á. López-García, G. 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