Introduction

The National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica – CONICYT) has developed a program to support access to scientific and technological information from Chile (Acceso a la Información Científico-Tecnológica Generada en Chile ) with several Open Access events and initiatives, as well as an institutional repository with full-text scientific output and the Chilean Scientific Journals Program that promotes journal quality and works together with Latindex and Scielo for the Scielo Chile searchable digital collection of full-text peer-review Open Access journals. As of March 2021, DOAJ has registered 141 Open Access journals. eQuipu is another searchable collection of Chilean journals indexed by ISI.

Enabling Environments

The Consortium for Access to Electronic Scientific Information (Consorcio para el Acceso a la Información Científica Electrónica – CINCEL) complements access to international resources with promotion and access to national output in science and technology. It is an initiative supported by the National Council of Chilean Universities Presidents (Consejo Nacional de Rectores de Universidades Chilenas CRUCH) and CONICYT.

Several universities have developed their Open Access journal portals (ex. University of Chile), and institutional repositories (ex. CAPTURA from the same University of Chile). Chile has registered 26 Open Access repositories in OpenDOAR, mainly university initiatives with a strong presence of theses collections plus other contents: journal articles, conference papers, teaching materials, and other publications. There is one mandate registered in ROARMAP, highlighting the need for the establishment and implementation of OA policies at the national and institutional levels. 

A study (Open Access Indicators and Scholarly Communications in Latin America) shows that, as of 2014, 6.29% of OA journals indexed in Latindex; 9.74% of OA journals indexed in RedALyC and 11.15% of OA journals indexed in SciELO are published in Chile. This corresponds to a total of 340, 68 and 100 locally published OA journals, respectively.

Key Organizations

The Chilean University Network (Red Universitaria Nacional / REUNA) is the national focal point of RedCLARA in Chile and, together with CONICYT, they are the national representatives of Chile in the Latin America Network of Institutional Repositories National Systems (Red Federada Latinoamericana de Repositorios Institucionales de Documentación Científica REUNA is also member of CoLaBoRa, the Latin America Community of Digital Libraries and Repositories.

The University of Chile Information and Libraries Services System (SISIB) has implemented Cybertesis in Latin America. Sponsored by UNESCO and Fonds Francophone des Inforoutes, the Cybertesis program is the result of a project of cooperation between the Université de Montréal, the Université de Lyon2, the University of Chile and 32 universities of Europe, Africa and Latin America. Seven Chilean universities have Cybertesis digital collections of theses.

Chile became an EIFL project country in 2010, when EIFL supported Panguipulli Public Library No 296 to address digital inclusion and agriculture information needs by introducing an innovative library service for remote farmers living in the Andes Mountains. In 2014 EIFL further supported a citizen’s digital media library project at Biblioteca Municipal ‘Pablo Neruda’ de Padre las Casas, located in Chile’s Araucanía Region, which aimed to train 30 young citizen journalists to produce and publish media relevant to youth in 10 towns and villages in Chile’s Araucanía Region. The planned timeline for the project is May 2014- June 2015.

The Open Access movement in Chile includes the Valparaíso Declaration for the Improvement of Scientific Communication in the Electronic Environment (2004).

Together with other countries of the region, Chile participates in Open Access regional subject repositories with a growing number of full-texts, examples: health (BVS), agriculture (SIDALC), science (PERIÓDICA), education (Relpe), public management and policies (CLAD-SIARE), social sciences (CLACSO, FLACSO, CLASE), work (LABORDOC), marine sciences (Oceandocs), information science (E-Lis), among others.

5-8 March 2013: 30 experts and Policy specialists from 25 countries including Belize; Virgin Islands; St Vincent and Grenadines; St Kitts and Nevis and St Martin; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Costa Rica; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Guatemala; Uruguay and Mexico gathered in Kingston to develop strategies and a road map to implement Open Access policies in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. This was the first regional consultation on Open Access to scientific information and research organized by the UNESCO Kingston Cluster office in collaboration with the Ministry of Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy and Mining, Ministry of Information, Government of Jamaica, University of West Indies and UNESCO National Commission for Jamaica. Workshop participants had the opportunity to contribute towards highlighting priority areas for intervention to achieve “Openness” in the region and individual countries. Participants reviewed the UNESCO OA policy templates and worked out specific policies for their own country/institution.

http://www.creativecommons.org.ar/

The NGO Derechos Digitales from Chile, in collaboration with the Karisma Foundation from Colombia, and support from FRIDA, carried on a research and published a manual and training activities on Open Access policies for journals from Latin America. And it has published survey results of access policies of Chilean journals (Políticas editoriales de publicaciones académicas en Chile).

Creative Commons Chile, that promotes the use of Open Access licenses, is led by the University of Chile (Universidad de Chile-Sistema de Servicios de Información y Bibliotecas, SISIB) and the ngo ONG Derechos Digitales.

Events and Programmes

• Semana del Acceso Abierto Chile 2020, 2020-10-19, Chile, Organized by Universidad de Chile; Universidad de Valparaíso; Universidad Católica del Norte; Universidad Central de Chile y Biblioteca Hernán Santa Cruz, CEPAL, Type: webinar
• II Jornada Nacional de Acceso Abierto a la Información Científica y Académica, 2010-10-22, Chile, Organized by Biblioteca Hospital Militar de Santiago, Biblioteca Clínica Las Condes, Biblioteca  Facultad de Medicina  Universidad de Chile-Sede Oriente y Biblioteca Facultad de Medicina  Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Type: oa, week, event

Publications

• 2014: "Open Access Indicators and Scholarly Communications in Latin America" is the result of a joint research and development project supported by UNESCO and undertaken by UNESCO in partnership with the Public Knowledge Project (PKP); the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); the Network of Scientific Journals of Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (RedALyC); Africa Journals Online (AJOL); the Latin America Social Sciences School- Brazil (FLACSO- Brazil); and the Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO). 
• Andreu-Cazenav, M., M. Dulce Subida, and M. Fernandez. 2017. “Exploitation Rates of Two Benthic Resources across Management Regimes in Central Chile: Evidence of Illegal Fishing in Artisanal Fisheries Operating in Open Access Areas.” PLoS ONE 12(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180012.
• Beckensteiner, J., A. M. Scheld, M. Fernández, and D. M. Kaplan. 2020. “Drivers and Trends in Catch of Benthic Resources in Chilean TURFs and Surrounding Open Access Areas.” Ocean and Coastal Management 183. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104961.
• Fernandez, M., and J. C. Castilla. 1997. “The Chilean Artisanal Stone Crab (Homalaspis Plana) Fishery: Catch Trends in Open Access Zones and the Effect of Management Areas in Central Chile.” Journal of Shellfish Research 16(2):371–77.
• Fernandez, M., and J. C. Castilla. 1998. “The Chilean Artisanal Stone Crab (Homalaspis Plana) Fishery: Catch Trends in Open Access Zones and the Effect of Management Areas in Central Chile.” Journal of Shellfish Research 17(1):285–91.
• Gómez, N., A. Bustos-Gonzalez, J. Santillan-Aldana, and O. Arias. 2009. “Open Access Indicators and Information Society: The Latin American Case.” OCLC Systems and Services 25(2):82–92. doi: 10.1108/10650750910961884.
• González-Olivares, E., and J. D. Flores. 2015. “Consequences of Multiple Allee Effect in an Open Access Fishery Model.” Journal of Biological Systems 23:S101–21. doi: 10.1142/S0218339015400094.
• Herrmann-Lunecke, M. G., and J. Inzulza-Contardo. 2018. “Challenges of Open Access of Scientific Journals in Urbanism, Architecture, Design and Art in Chile [Desafíos Del Acceso Abierto de Las Revistas Científicas de Urbanismo, Arquitectura, Diseño y Arte En Chile].” Revista Cubana de Informacion En Ciencias de La Salud 29(2).
• Kattge, J., G. Bönisch, S. Díaz, S. Lavorel, I. C. Prentice, P. Leadley, S. Tautenhahn, G. D. A. Werner, T. Aakala, M. Abedi, A. T. R. Acosta, G. C. Adamidis, K. Adamson, M. Aiba, C. H. Albert, J. M. Alcántara, C. Alcázar C, I. Aleixo, H. Ali, B. Amiaud, C. Ammer, M. M. Amoroso, M. Anand, C. Anderson, N. Anten, J. Antos, D. M. G. Apgaua, T. L. Ashman, D. H. Asmara, G. P. Asner, M. Aspinwall, O. Atkin, I. Aubin, L. Baastrup-Spohr, K. Bahalkeh, M. Bahn, T. Baker, W. J. Baker, J. P. Bakker, D. Baldocchi, J. Baltzer, A. Banerjee, A. Baranger, J. Barlow, D. R. Barneche, Z. Baruch, D. Bastianelli, J. Battles, W. Bauerle, M. Bauters, E. Bazzato, M. Beckmann, H. Beeckman, C. Beierkuhnlein, R. Bekker, G. Belfry, M. Belluau, M. Beloiu, R. Benavides, L. Benomar, M. L. Berdugo-Lattke, E. Berenguer, R. Bergamin, J. Bergmann, M. Bergmann Carlucci, L. Berner, M. Bernhardt-Römermann, C. Bigler, A. D. Bjorkman, C. Blackman, C. Blanco, B. Blonder, D. Blumenthal, K. T. Bocanegra-González, P. Boeckx, S. Bohlman, K. Böhning-Gaese, L. Boisvert-Marsh, W. Bond, B. Bond-Lamberty, A. Boom, C. C. F. Boonman, K. Bordin, E. H. Boughton, V. Boukili, D. M. J. S. Bowman, S. Bravo, M. R. Brendel, M. R. Broadley, K. A. Brown, H. Bruelheide, F. Brumnich, H. H. Bruun, D. Bruy, S. W. Buchanan, S. F. Bucher, N. Buchmann, R. Buitenwerf, D. E. Bunker, J. Bürger, S. Burrascano, D. F. R. P. Burslem, B. J. Butterfield, C. Byun, M. Marques, M. C. Scalon, M. Caccianiga, M. Cadotte, M. Cailleret, J. Camac, J. J. Camarero, C. Campany, G. Campetella, J. A. Campos, L. Cano-Arboleda, R. Canullo, M. Carbognani, F. Carvalho, F. Casanoves, B. Castagneyrol, J. A. Catford, J. Cavender-Bares, B. E. L. Cerabolini, M. Cervellini, E. Chacón-Madrigal, K. Chapin, F. S. Chapin, S. Chelli, S. C. Chen, A. Chen, P. Cherubini, F. Chianucci, B. Choat, K. S. Chung, M. Chytrý, D. Ciccarelli, L. Coll, C. G. Collins, L. Conti, D. Coomes, J. H. C. Cornelissen, W. K. Cornwell, P. Corona, M. Coyea, J. Craine, D. Craven, J. P. 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